Acne (NHS)

Tier 1: Established: peer-reviewed research or government health authority
Publisher: National Health Service (UK) · Published: August 19, 2026 · Accessed: August 19, 2026

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Claims this source supports

• Acne is most commonly linked to changes in hormone levels during puberty, but can start at any age; hormonal changes such as those during the menstrual cycle or pregnancy can also lead to episodes of acne in women.
• Certain hormones cause the grease-producing glands next to hair follicles to produce larger amounts of oil (abnormal sebum); this changes the activity of the skin bacterium P. acnes, which becomes more aggressive and causes inflammation and pus, and the hormones also thicken the inner lining of the hair follicle, causing blockage of the pores.
• About 3% of adults have acne over the age of 35.
• For mild acne, a pharmacist can advise; products containing a low concentration of benzoyl peroxide may be recommended, but it can bleach clothing.
• If acne is severe or appears on the chest and back, it may need to be treated with antibiotics or stronger creams that are only available on prescription.
• See a GP if you have moderate or severe acne or you develop nodules or cysts, as they need to be treated properly to avoid scarring.
• Do not wash affected areas of skin more than twice a day; frequent washing can irritate the skin and make symptoms worse. Avoid oil-based (comedogenic) make-up, skincare and suncare products and use water-based non-comedogenic products.
• Treatments can take several months to work, so do not expect results overnight.